Applause and tears in Basilica greet Pontiff (26 November 2007) Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 1 June 2008. Quote: "In a ceremony televised across the world cardinal-elect Sean Brady knelt before Pope Benedict XVI and pledged his allegiance to the Church before receiving his special red birretta—a symbol of a cardinal's dignity and willingness to shed blood for the increase of the Christian faith." Photograph of Josyf Slipyj, Major Archbishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Church and Cardinal, wearing a galero on top of his red klobuk. Retrieved from http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6322/78/1600/SlypyjGalero1.jpg. Paulson, Michael (25 March 2006). "Bling! examination of the ring of Cardinal O'Malley". Boston Globe . Retrieved 8 September 2010. The office and title of canon is an honorary appointment by the diocesan bishop, usually conferred on older or retired priests today, but historically the canons were a diocesan bishop’s closest advisers and filled an important role.

Rescriptum of the Holy Father Francis ..." Holy See Press Office. 26 June 2018 . Retrieved 26 June 2018.

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Allen, John L. Jr. (2002). Conclave: The Politics, Personalities, and Process of the Next Papal Election. Random House. p.107. ISBN 9780385504560. Most canon lawyers take the opinion that the pope, in appointing more electors than anticipated by Universi Dominici Gregis, made an exception to his own rules and hence all the cardinals under eighty, regardless of the limit of 120, are eligible to enter the conclave. (Canon lawyers ruefully joke that nobody violates canon law like a pope.) As a political matter, it seems probable that all cardinals under eighty will be admitted regardless of the wording of Universi Dominici Gregis because the task of trying to decide who cannot enter could paralyze the process indefinitely. The Dean of the College of Cardinals, the highest ranking cardinal, was formerly the longest serving cardinal bishop, but since 1965 is elected by the Latin Church cardinal bishops from among their number, subject to papal approval. Likewise the Vice-Dean, formerly the second longest serving, is also elected. Seniority of the remaining Latin Church cardinal bishops is still by date of appointment to the rank. For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Associated Press Style Guide: "The preferred form for first reference is ... Cardinal Daniel DiNardo" " (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 December 2014. The rule set out in Universi Dominici gregis is that "No Cardinal elector can be excluded from active or passive voice in the election of the Supreme Pontiff, for any reason or pretext." Guruge, Anura (2010). The Next Pope: After Pope Benedict XVI (2nd Reviseded.). WOWNH LLC. p.120. ISBN 9780615353722 . Retrieved 5 March 2021.

In certain periods there were additional requirements. Since the 16th century, only a cardinal who was present within 25 leagues of Rome when the vacancy occurred could exercise the option. When the see of Frascati became vacant upon the death of Cardinal Tommaso Zigliara on 11 May 1893, Cardinal Francesco Ricci Paracciani was in Siena, which disqualified him and allowed Cardinal Serafino Vannutelli to exercise the option and become cardinal bishop of Frascati. [38] [39] To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, [65] which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). Before the new uniformity imposed by John Paul II, each cardinal was given a ring, the central piece of which was a gem, usually a sapphire, with the pope's stemma engraved on the inside. [66] There is now no gemstone, and the pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus, with Mary and John to each side. The ring includes the pope's coat of arms on the inside. [67] While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the college expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of the college at 70, including 50 cardinal priests, about twice the historical number. This limit was respected until 1958, and the list of titular churches modified only on rare occasions, generally when a building fell into disrepair. When Pope John XXIII abolished the limit, he began to add new churches to the list, which Popes Paul VI and John Paul II continued to do. Today there are close to 150 titular churches, out of over 300 churches in Rome.Pope to new cardinals: Jesus does not call you to be "princes" of the Church, but to serve". 28 June 2017.