a b Williams, David R. (23 December 2021). "Jupiter Fact Sheet". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018 . Retrieved 28 March 2022. Because the Sun fuses hydrogen into helium at its core, it is a main-sequence star. More specifically, it is a G2-type main-sequence star, where the type designation refers to its effective temperature. Hotter main-sequence stars are more luminous but shorter lived. The Sun's temperature is intermediate between that of the hottest stars and that of the coolest stars. Stars brighter and hotter than the Sun are rare, whereas substantially dimmer and cooler stars, known as red dwarfs, make up about 75% of the stars in the Milky Way. [83] [84] Malhotra, R.; Holman, Matthew; Ito, Takashi (October 2001). "Chaos and stability of the solar system". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (22): 12342–12343. Bibcode: 2001PNAS...9812342M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.231384098. PMC 60054. PMID 11606772.

The Local Bubble is a small superbubble compared to the neighboring wider Radcliffe Wave and Split linear structures (formerly Gould Belt), each of which are some thousands of light-years in length. [216] All these structures are part of the Orion Arm, which contains most of the stars in the Milky Way that are visible to the unaided eye. The density of all matter in the local neighborhood is 0.097 ±0.013 M ☉·pc −3. [217] Jorgensen, J. L.; Benn, M.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Denver, T.; Jorgensen, P. S.; Andersen, A. C.; Bolton, S. J. (March 2021). "Distribution of Interplanetary Dust Detected by the Juno Spacecraft and Its Contribution to the Zodiacal Light". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 126 (3). Bibcode: 2021JGRE..12606509J. doi: 10.1029/2020JE006509. ISSN 2169-9097. S2CID 228840132.The Solar System was formed 4.6billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. Over time, the cloud formed the Sun and a protoplanetary disk that gradually coalesced to form planets and other objects. That is the reason why all eight planets have an orbit that lies near the same plane. In the present day, 99.86% of the Solar System's mass is in the Sun and most of the remaining mass is contained in the planet Jupiter. Six planets and many other bodies have natural satellites or moons orbiting around them. All of the giant planets and a few smaller bodies are encircled by planetary rings, composed of ice, dust and sometimes moonlets.

Charon, the largest of Pluto's moons, is sometimes described as part of a binary system with Pluto, as the two bodies orbit a barycenter of gravity above their surfaces (i.e. they appear to "orbit each other"). Beyond Charon, four much smaller moons, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra, orbit Pluto. [163] OthersDas RAK-Protokoll", a 25 minutes documentary on the Opel RAK program https://opel-tv-footage.com/v/The%20RAK%20Protocoll?p=4&c=86&l=1 Woolfson, M. (2000). "The origin and evolution of the solar system". Astronomy & Geophysics. 41 (1): 12. Bibcode: 2000A&G....41a..12W. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00012.x. Wendel, JoAnna (8 January 2022). "When will the Sun die?". Space.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022 . Retrieved 10 March 2022. a b Feynman, Richard P.; Leighton, Robert B.; Sands, Matthew L. (1989) [1965]. The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Volume 1. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. ISBN 0-201-02010-6. OCLC 531535.

See, for example, Office of Space Science (9 July 2004). "Solar System Scale". NASA Educator Features. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016 . Retrieved 2 April 2013. a b Krasinsky, G. A.; Pitjeva, E. V.; Vasilyev, M. V.; Yagudina, E. I. (July 2002). "Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt". Icarus. 158 (1): 98–105. Bibcode: 2002Icar..158...98K. doi: 10.1006/icar.2002.6837.a b Lakdawalla, Emily; etal. (21 April 2020). "What Is A Planet?". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022 . Retrieved 3 April 2022. Pallas (2.77AU from the Sun) and Vesta (2.36AU from the Sun) are the largest asteroids in the asteroid belt, after Ceres. They are the other two protoplanets that survive more or less intact. At about 520km (320mi) in diameter, they were large enough to have developed planetary geology in the past, but both have suffered large impacts and been battered out of being round. [121] [122] [123] Fragments from impacts upon these two bodies survive elsewhere in the asteroid belt, as the Pallas family and Vesta family. Both were considered planets upon their discoveries in 1802 and 1807 respectively, and like Ceres, eventually considered minor planets with the discovery of more asteroids. Some authors today have begun to consider Pallas and Vesta as planets again, along with Ceres, under geophysical definitions of the term. [5] Asteroid groups

Allen, Clabon Walter (2000). Cox, Arthur N. (ed.). Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Springer. pp.293–313. ISBN 978-0-387-98746-0. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022 . Retrieved 1 May 2022. Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes – A comprehensive list of artificial satellites and space probes. a b Levison, H.F.; Morbidelli, A. (27 November 2003). "The formation of the Kuiper belt by the outward transport of bodies during Neptune's migration". Nature. 426 (6965): 419–421. Bibcode: 2003Natur.426..419L. doi: 10.1038/nature02120. PMID 14647375. S2CID 4395099. Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21 . Retrieved 2013-01-17. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link) Peplow, Mark (6 May 2004). "How Mars got its rust". Nature: news040503–6. doi: 10.1038/news040503-6. ISSN 0028-0836. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022 . Retrieved 9 April 2022.Chang, Kenneth (2017-09-14). "Cassini Vanishes Into Saturn, Its Mission Celebrated and Mourned". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-04. Tedesco, Edward F.; Cellino, Alberto; Zappalá, Vincenzo (June 2005). "The Statistical Asteroid Model. I. The Main-Belt Population for Diameters Greater than 1 Kilometer". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (6): 2869–2886. Bibcode: 2005AJ....129.2869T. doi: 10.1086/429734. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119906696. million years, and is thought to be the date of the formation of the first solid material in the collapsing nebula. [9] The outermost layer of the Solar atmosphere is the heliosphere, which permeates much of the Solar planetary system. Along with light, the Sun radiates a continuous stream of charged particles (a plasma) called the solar wind. This stream of particles spreads outwards at speeds from 900,000 kilometres per hour (560,000mph) to 2,880,000 kilometres per hour (1,790,000mph), [64] filling the vacuum between the bodies of the Solar System. The result is a thin, dusty atmosphere, called the interplanetary medium, which extends to at least 100AU (15billionkm; 9.3billionmi). Beyond the heliosphere, large objects remain gravitationally bound to the sun, but the flow of matter in the interstellar medium homogenizes the distribution of micro-scale objects (see §Farthest regions). [65] Main articles: Asteroid belt and Asteroid Linear map of the inner Solar System, showing many asteroid populations